Corrections and Retractions

Retraction Guidelines

We adhere to COPE guidelines in order to uphold the honour and virtue of the publications' scholarly content. (Please refer COPE Council.COPE Guidelines: A short Guide to ethical Editing for new Editors.May 2019 .(Version 3.). DOI: COPE FLOW Retractions

The journal follows COPE’s retraction guidelines for retraction process. Please refer COPE Council.COPE Retraction guidelines- English. DOI:COPE FLOW Retractions

If there is a significant impact on the publishing record—for instance, on the scientific validity of the material published, the authors' or the journal's reputation—corrections are released. Corrections (such as typographical or grammatical errors) that do not materially alter the contribution or substantially hinder the reader's comprehension of the contribution will not be published.

An amendment is bidirectionally connected to and from the article that has to be amended when it is published. To ensure that the original article PDF remains unchanged from the printed edition, a corrected PDF version has been appended to it. This way, readers who download the PDF will obtain both the original article and the amended version.

Amendments are published in the article category "Addenda and Errata" and will be further classified as an "Erratum", "Corrigendum", "Addendum" or "Retraction". All such amendments should be as concise as possible, containing only material strictly relevant to the contribution being corrected.

Errata

Errata are corrections for faults that the journal introduces during editing or production, including omission errors such failing to submit factual proof revisions to authors within the journal's stipulated time. Errata are often not released for straightforward typing mistakes; instead, they are released when a seemingly straightforward error has substantial implications (such as a Greek mu for a "m" in a unit or a typing error in the associated author's email address).

Typically, a correction statement is published when a figure or table has an inaccuracy. The release of a new, corrected figure or table as an erratum fixes a serious mistake in the original figure or table. Only if the editor deems it essential is the figure or table reposted. For example, if the figure legend incorrectly identified the colors of the histogram bars, only a correction phrase would be published as an erratum, and the full image would not be replicated.

Corrigenda

If there are any issues with the original paper's scientific correctness or reproducibility, the authors submit corrigenda, which are then published. If an error occurs in the published author list, IUCr journals will publish corrections; however, this is not frequently the case for forgotten acknowledgements.

If a reader notices a substantial published error, they should write a "Letter to the Editor" with their remarks to the journal. These "Letters to the Editor" will be subjected to a thorough evaluation by impersonal and impartial reviewers. The original authors will receive a copy of the paper upon editorial acceptance, giving them a chance to comment ahead of time.

Addenda

The importance of the addition to the understanding of the original publication is how addenda are evaluated. Addenda do not change the original publication; however, if the authors unintentionally left out important information that was at hand at the time, it will be published as an addendum following peer review.

Retractions

Retractions are evaluated based on whether the paper's primary conclusion is materially compromised, for instance, by newly discovered information that the authors were unaware of when the work was published. Regarding experimental publications, this might contain, for example, further experiments conducted by the authors or by others that contradict the primary experimental finding of the first publication.

If readers see any published work that should be retracted, they should first get in touch with the original paper's authors. Then, they should write to the journal with copies of their correspondence with the authors, regardless of whether the authors have responded to their letters. If the editors believe that the material might cast doubt on the primary findings of the published work, they will consult the reviewers.

An paper will also be withdrawn for violations of professional ethical rules, such as duplicate submissions, false authorship claims, plagiarism, fraudulent data usage, and the like.

A retraction will be requested from each coauthor. The editors reserve the right to publish the retraction with the name(s) of the dissenting author(s) in circumstances when certain coauthors refuse to sign it.

An article may occasionally need to be taken down from the online journal. This will only happen in cases when the article is blatantly libelous, violates the legal rights of others, is the subject of a court order, or may seriously endanger someone's health if it were to be implemented.

In some cases, the content will be replaced by a page noting that the article has been withdrawn for legal reasons, but the bibliographic data (title and authors) will remain available online. Please refer COPE FLOW Retractions